Introducing an individualised approach to risk management Principle 3. Establishing an evidence-based approach Principle 4. Underpinning the processes with an outcome-focused approach Principle 5. Toggle sidebar menu Home Gender-based violence. Physical violence Any act which causes physical harm as a result of unlawful physical force.
Physical violence can take the form of, among others, serious and minor assault, deprivation of liberty and manslaughter. Human trafficking for sexual exploitation may require additional support including legal support. For example, an abuser may use physical violence a few times and then use verbal violence and threats to keep the woman he abusing under control from that point onwards. Economic violence may be used to keep her dependent on the abuser, with stalking and harassment preventing her from accessing outside support.
Teens and young adults experience the same types of abuse in relationships as adults. This can include:. While teens experience the same types of abuse as adults, often the methods are unique to teen culture.
Stalking is a pattern of repeated, unwanted attention, harassment, and contact. It is a course of conduct that can include:. Technology-Assisted Abuse is using cell-phones, computers, social networks and other electronic tools to stalk, bully, intimidate, frighten, harass or otherwise harm someone.
An abuser may keep track of how you use your computer. The only way to be completely safe is to go to a computer the abuser doesn't know about, like a friend's computer or a computer at the library.
Violence has become increasingly interpersonal and tied in with criminal activity, particularly in urban areas. According to the UN's Global Study on Homicide, intentional homicide was the cause of the deaths of almost half a million people across the world in It is also important to note that deaths only constitute a part of the health and social burden which can be attributed to violence, which also results in non-fatal, sexual and psychological abuse.
In addition, violence places a heavy burden on health and justice systems, social welfare services, and the economy of communities. High levels of violence and crime in regions such as Southern Africa are often the symptoms of underlying social, economic and political challenges such as social inequality, rapid urbanisation, poverty, unemployment and institutional shortcomings. The adverse effects of violence on a country are harmful not only to its citizens, but the wellbeing of the community and country as a whole.
In many countries, the impact of violence has significantly and directly reduced economic growth, and poses an obstacle in reducing poverty, while violence also causes profound psychological and physical trauma, reducing the quality of life for all of society.
Although violence is often seen and responded to as an inevitable part of the human condition, such assumptions are shifting, focus is broadening, and an increased emphasis is being placed on prevention of violent behaviour and consequences.
In order for prevention efforts to be successful, there needs to be an increase in our understanding of this complex phenomenon. Moral codes may vary vastly throughout the wold, making it more of a challenge to address the often sensitive topic of violence, its causes and its consequences, however some form of shared understanding needs to be reached in order to protect human life and dignity effectively.
As a result of violence being such a complex phenomenon, there is no clear definition for it. Therefore, it is often understood differently by different people in different contexts - such as those from different countries, cultures, or belief systems. While no standard definition of violence has been established, it is important, when developing effective prevention strategies, to have a clear understanding of violence and the context in which it occurs.
In its World Report on Violence and Health, the World Health Organisation WHO proposes a definition of violence that has since become a working term for many international and South African organisations working in the field:. It divides violence into three broad categories according to who the perpetrators and victims are of violent acts:.
Self-directed violence refers to violent acts a person inflicts upon him- or herself, and includes self-abuse such as self-mutilation and suicidal behaviour including suicidal thoughts, as well as attempted and completed suicide. Interpersonal violence refers to violence inflicted by another individual or by a small group of individuals.
It can be further divided into two subcategories:. Collective violence can be defined as the instrumental use of violence by people who identify themselves as members of a group — whether this group is transitory or has a more permanent identity — against another group or set of individuals, in order to achieve political, economic or social objectives.
This can manifest in a number of forms, such as genocide, repression, terrorism and organised violent crime.
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