LC 50 is often expressed as mg of chemical per volume e. Exposure: Effects of copper sulfate on human health and the environment depend on how much copper sulfate is present and the length and frequency of exposure. Cancer: Government agencies in the United States and abroad have developed programs to evaluate the potential for a chemical to cause cancer. Testing guidelines and classification systems vary. To learn more about the meaning of various cancer classification descriptors listed in this fact sheet, please visit the appropriate reference, or call NPIC.
EC 50 : The median effective concentration EC 50 may be reported for sublethal or ambiguously lethal effects. This measure is used in tests involving species such as aquatic invertebrates where death may be difficult to determine. This term is also used if sublethal events are being monitored.
Newman, M. Reference Dose RfD : The RfD is an estimate of the quantity of chemical that a person could be exposed to every day for the rest of their life with no appreciable risk of adverse health effects.
The reference dose is typically measured in milligrams mg of chemical per kilogram kg of body weight per day. The MCL is enforceable. The MCL is typically measured in milligrams mg of contaminant per liter L of water. Please cite as: Boone, C. NPIC provides objective, science-based information about pesticides and pesticide-related topics to enable people to make informed decisions.
Environmental Protection Agency cooperative agreement X The information in this publication does not in any way replace or supersede the restrictions, precautions, directions, or other information on the pesticide label or any other regulatory requirements, nor does it necessarily reflect the position of the U.
Copper Sulfate Technical Fact Sheet. References: Tomlin, C. Connelly, N. Pizarro, F. Gastrointestinal effects associated with soluble and insoluble copper in drinking water. Gropper, S. O'Neil, M. Goldschmidt, J.
Theophanides, T. Copper and carcinogenesis. Daniel, K. Copper storage diseases: Menkes, Wilsons, and cancer. Front Biosci. Goodman, V. Copper deficiency as an anti-cancer strategy. Cancer , 11 2 , Kamrin, M. Krieger, R. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology Agents , 2nd ed. Oruc, H. Chronic copper toxicosis in sheep following the use of copper sulfate as a fungicide on fruit trees. Olivares, M. Chuttani, H. Thompson, L. Shivanandappa, T. Testicular atrophy in Gallus domesticus fed acute doses of copper fungicides.
Meister, R. Poortinga, E. Copper penny ingestion in a cat. Talcott, P. Small Animal Toxicology , 2nd ed. Louis, ; pp Webb, C. Radostits, O. Diseases associated with inorganic and farm chemicals - Primary Copper Poisoning. Bradley, C. Copper poisoning in a dairy herd fed a mineral supplement. Banton, M. Up to a generation or so ago about its only uses in industry were as a mordant for dyeing and for electroplating, but today it is being employed in many industrial processes.
The synthetic fibre industry has found an application for it in the production of their raw material. The metal industry uses large quantities of copper sulphate as an electrolyte in copper refining, for copper coating steel wire prior to wire drawing and in various copper plating processes.
The mining industry employs it as an activator in the concentration by froth flotation of lead, zinc, cobalt and gold ores. The printing trade takes it as an electrolyte in the production of electrotype and as an etching agent for process engraving. The paint industry uses it in anti-fouling paints and it plays a part in the colouring of glass.
Materials needed include copper wire as a source of copper and battery fluid diluted sulphuric acid, H2SO4 ; as well as a 6-volt battery. In a container with diluted sulphuric acid add some water if necessary place two copper wires connected to a 6-volt battery. The solution very quickly turns blue, as the reaction occurs to produce copper sulphate. When electricity runs through the copper wires, bubbles of gas will start from the negative electrode, while copper will start dissolving from the positive electrode, oxidised by the electrical current.
To recover this compound as powder, the best way is to boil the solution. As you boil the water, copper sulphate will begin to precipitate at the bottom of the container. However, if you prefer to have copper sulphate crystals, grow them straight from the blue solution simply by letting it evaporate.
In industrial settings, copper sulphate is extracted from copper ores or from nonferrous scrap. After extraction, copper is dissolved in diluted sulphuric acid in the presence of air, producing a saturated liquor. It is important in this practical activity to use appropriate apparatus and methods.
This includes the safe use and careful handling of substances and equipment. Evaluate the hazards and the precautions needed to reduce the risk of harm. For example:. Core practical Making copper sulfate crystals There are a number of ways that you could make copper sulfate crystals in Chemistry. Aims To investigate the preparation of pure, dry hydrated copper sulfate crystals starting from copper oxide. Method Place some sulfuric acid in a conical flask and warm it in a water bath.
Add a spatula of copper oxide powder to the acid and stir with a glass rod.
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