Every evening he received accounts from the front. By that time, millions of Russians had been killed and gravely wounded in the fighting. The czar was persuaded that the way to sustain Russia was not to tackle the work needed to modernize and generally professionalize the army, nor try to learn strategy, nor explore matters crying out for sound decisions.
His conception of those elements revealed the baseness of his political thinking. Kind , courteous, gentlemanly, frequently nervous, the shy and faintly feminine figure, as he appeared to one general, was never known to raise his voice, let alone lose his temper.
The soft-spoken ruler with his supreme devotion to his beautiful family seemed anything but a tyrant. Not that the czar was stupid. The czar much enjoyed the reviews. Truly excellent! The French observer who reported the affair was understandably amazed. His sedulous, upright chief of staff, General Alexeyev, tried to avoid the social gatherings. Knowing that, Alexeyev took to informing Nicholas only about matters that had already been resolved.
Visiting hospitals, he bore huge supplies of medals for the heavily wounded, on whom he believed he made a stunning impression. General Denikin observed, to the contrary, that the decorated men were left with little to tell their comrades. Taken in the company he liked, the meals were washed down by copious vodka and wine, although his own drinking was sparing.
That, he believed, was proof that he had been right to assume supreme command. Trouble was indeed hurtling toward the regime.
His fondness for non-combatant military ways made him happy to be at Stavka, as did its refuge from decision-making.
Reasonable reform would have given able military leaders the ability to make and execute rational decisions. His adoring wife continued thinking for him. The German-born Alexandra was not a traitor as slanderous sheets had begun suggesting. Apart from her relationship with Rasputin, she was guilty of few of the unusual scandals described by the growing portion of the press that sought to blacken the monarchy. When the czarina visited Mogilev the generals ate in guarded silence and feared to enter the neighboring room to which she retired after the meal.
These men could never provide him with the advice and counsel he needed as Russia passed through the most critical moment in her history. A fourth should be the next successor to command of another brigade. Although the czar was unwilling to sacrifice Alexeyev, he often followed her advice about other appointments. She protested in outrage that such impertinence was not merely wrong but also satanic because it challenged the natural order.
He was suffering from painful bleeding as a result of an injury. It was not publicly known but Alexis suffered from the blood disease haemophilia. After Alexis recovered, Tsarina Alexandra became convinced that Rasputin could control the young boy's illness. While there is still debate over the nature of his powers over the health of Alexis, it is clear that his influence over the Tsarina was considerable. He advised her on appointments to the government, interfered in important decisions.
He could do no wrong in the eyes of the Tsarina. Excuses were always made for his excessive and antisocial behaviour.
To the Russian people, Rasputin symbolised everything that was wrong with imperial government. The court and the royal family became objects of ridicule, to be despised. Rasputin's murder by royalists at the end of , came too late to undo the damage he had caused. The membership and influence of revolutionary groups had been severely reduced by , mainly through the repressive tactics of Stolypin and the Okhrana. But radical opinion was not wholey defeated:.
Despite the Bolsheviks holding influence over many workers, Lenin had no part in bringing about the February Revolution. He believed that revolution should be organised, not developed from unorganised protest.
After the Duma elected their own provisional committee built of progressive bloc members, and the soldiers sent to quash the St. Petersburg riots mutinied, Nicholas II had no other choice but to step down from the monarchy. On March 15, , he abdicated the throne. He and his family were then taken to the Ural Mountains and placed under house arrest.
In the spring of , Russia was engaged in a civil war. We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives.
Charles II was the monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland during much of the latter half of the 17th century, marking the Restoration era. Alexander the Great served as king of Macedonia from to B. During his time of leadership, he united Greece, reestablished the Corinthian League and conquered the Persian Empire. Philip II reigned over Macedonia from to B. He became the head of an empire that was expanded by his son and successor, Alexander the Great. By winning wars and expanding territories, he established Prussia as a strong military power.
Anastasia was the daughter of the last Russian tsar, Nicholas II. After she and her family were executed, rumors claimed that she might have survived. Her rule precipitated the collapse of Russia's imperial government. She was murdered, along with her entire family, in Nicholas II was the last tsar of Russia under Romanov rule. Olivia Rodrigo —. Megan Thee Stallion —. Bowen Yang —.
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